What happened to Sacagawea’s children?

“The court appoints William Clark Guardian to the infant children of Toussaint Charbonneau deceased, to wit, Toussaint Charbonneau a boy about the age of ten years old and Lisette Charbonneau a girl about one year old.” --Orphans Court record, St Louis, August 11, 1813

The earliest probate court records of St. Louis were discovered in an old safe at the courthouse last fall, containing guardianship proceedings regarding Sacagawea’s children.The story made the Fox News broadcast in St Louis on January 21, 2008. The record, shown here, is of an Orphans Court hearing held on August 11, 1813. William Clark’s name is added to the document, substituted for the name of the original guardian, John Luttig, who was the company clerk of the Missouri Fur Company.

What’s the story behind this? Lewis and Clark fans know that Toussaint, also known by his nickname “Pompey,” or as Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, was born on February 11, 1805 at Fort Mandan near Bismarck, North Dakota. This would make him 8 ½ years old. However, William Clark was not in St Louis at the time the hearing was held. He would have known the precise age of his adopted son, who was already living in St Louis and attending a boarding school.The father, Toussaint Charbonneau, Sr. was also not “deceased” though he was believed to be so at the time. He lived until about 1840.

Toussaint and Sacagawea and their son Pompey came to St. Louis in 1809 with Manuel Lisa and Pierre Chouteau, who had successfully delivered the Mandan Chief, Sheheke, or Big White, back to his village in North Dakota where the Charbonneau family was living. William Clark had requested they bring Pompey to St Louis where he would provide for his education when he was old enough to go to school. The Charbonneau family lived in Florissant, the town next to St Charles, for a year or more before returning home. They went back up river with Manuel Lisa in 1811, leaving their six year old son in William’s Clark’s care.

Sacagawea’s Death at Fort Manuel in 1812

Sacagawea died on Fort Manuel in Kenel, South Dakota on December 20, 1812. The Orphan Court record confirms that it was Sacagawea, rather than Charbonneau’s other Shoshone wife, who died at Fort Manuel. John Luttig wrote in his journal on Sunday, December 20, 1812: "this evening the wife of Charbonneau a Snake Squar, died of a putrid fever, she was a good and the best Women in the fort, aged abt 25 years she left a fine infant girl."

The little baby girl, Lisette, and an Indian woman to care for her, must have been brought down to St Louis by Lisa’s men as they retreated back to St Louis after Fort Manuel was attacked by Indians allies of the British during the War of 1812.The attack occurred sometime after March 5, 1813, the last date of entry in Luttig’s Journal. According to Richard Oglesby’s biography of Manuel Lisa, fifteen men of the Missouri Fur Company died in the attack. Was Lisette named for Manuel Lisa? It’s a possibility.

Luttig’s Journal of a Fur Trading Expedition 1812-13 is very interesting to read. The 1920 version is available on the internet. Here’s the link:

http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/html/Luttig/

The Missouri Fur Company expedition retreated down river to St Louis, stopping to build Fort Lisa near the site of Council Bluffs, where Fort Atkinson was later built, north of Omaha, Nebraska. Fort Lisa became the westernmost fort defending the American frontier during the War of 1812. Lisa returned and made his headquarters there in 1814, appointed as a special Indian Agent by William Clark.

I published a booklet, Defending the Western Frontier: Manuel Lisa and the War of 1812 in the Omaha-Council Bluffs Area, based on a paper I gave at the Missouri Valley History Conference in 1999. I will blog at other times about the children, and also about the War of 1812 out west.

Posted by on 01/28/2008 at 04:51 PM

Comments

I enjoy your news items; however I am some what confused. The court records you refer gives mention to a Toussaint who IS NOT and NEVER was refered to as Pompy or Jean Baptiste! There is another son of Charbonneau’s known as Toussaint, Jr. which I belive the court records are referring to along with Lizette. If I’m mistaken, please correct me. However I’ve never heard your version before that Pompy, Jean Baptiste and Toussaint are all the same person!?
Sincerely,
Don Popejoy

Posted by on 02/10/2008 at 04:11 PM

Don,
I sympathize with your confusion, as I felt the same way for many years. It seemed logical that perhaps Pompey (aka Jean Baptiste) had an older half brother named Toussaint Jr, the son of Charbonneau’s other wife and that two boys were being raised by William Clark in St. Louis.
However, Bob Moore, the historian at the St Louis Arch, set me straight on this matter. When Pomp enrolled in a new higher level school, he enrolled under his grown-up name, Toussaint Jr. I sent my blog to Bob before posting, and he confirmed that I was representing his views accurately. It is one boy, growing up, using more than one name.
The other matter that caught my attention this time round was the spelling of “Lisette” rather than “Lizette” on the Orphan’s Court record. I do think it was a name honoring Manuel Lisa, who was their patron. Charbonneau worked for Lisa, and Sacagawea died at Lisa’s Fort Manuel at Kenel, South Dakota.
They have rebuilt Fort Manuel, and it is one of my ambitions to get back up there and see it. I am a big fan of Manuel Lisa, who played a major role in defending America’s interests on the western frontier. I have a paper on this, that I publish as a booklet which I intend to start selling on the web.

Posted by Kira Gale on 02/11/2008 at 12:22 PM

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